Web 安装

# 安装 npm
sudo apt install npm -y

# 可能要重进 CLI
npm -v
# 3.5.2

nodejs -v
# v8.10.0

sudo npm install -g n
sudo n latest
PATH="$PATH"
npm -v

sudo npm -g install npm@6.14.8 (1)
PATH="$PATH"
npm -v
# 6.14.8

nodejs -v
# v8.10.0

# 另一个安装方式
sudo npm cache clean -f
sudo npm install -g n
sudo n 14.15.0
node -v
# v14.15.0

# npm 安装跟路径有关 (除了 global)
cd <package_path>
npm install <package>

# global 安装
sudo npm install --global <package>

# 得知 global 安装路径
npm list -g | head -1
# /usr/local/lib

curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/creationix/nvm/v0.33.0/install.sh | bash
source ~/.bashrc
nvm ls-remote | grep v14.
# v14.15.0   (Latest LTS: Fermium)

nvm install 14.15.0

node -v
# v14.15.0

nvm --help
Usage:
nvm install [version]        # Download and install [version]
nvm uninstall [version]      # Uninstall [version]
nvm use [version]            # Switch to use [version]
nvm list                     # List installed versions

rm -rf ~/.nvm
rm -rf ~/.npm
rm -rf ~/.bower

export NVM_DIR="/home/ubuntu/.nvm"
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh"  # This loads nvm

sudo apt remove nodejs -y
sudo apt remove npm -y
sudo rm -rf /usr/local/share/man/man1/node*
sudo rm -rf /usr/local/lib/dtrace/node.d
sudo rm -rf /opt/local/bin/node
sudo rm -rf /opt/local/include/node
sudo rm -rf /opt/local/lib/node_modules
sudo rm -rf /usr/local/lib/node*
sudo rm -rf /usr/local/include/node*
sudo rm -rf /usr/local/bin/node*
rm -rf ~/.node-gyp

rm -rf ~/.npm
# 可能会出错, 采用 sudo rm -rf /home/ubuntu/.npm

# 取得 prefix
npm config get prefix
# /usr/local (1)

# 测试安装 global 套件，没有 sudo 就是要让它出错.
npm install -global rouge
# npm ERR! Error: EACCES: permission denied, access '/usr/local/lib/node_modules' (2)

# 设置 prefix 为 /usr/bin, 看看会不会变成 /usr/bin/lib
# 竟然不需要 root 权限 ?
npm config set prefix /usr/bin

# 没有 sudo 让它出错.
npm install -global rouge
# npm ERR! Error: EACCES: permission denied, mkdir '/usr/bin/lib' (3)

# 改回来
npm config set prefix /usr/local

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
sudo apt install apache2  -y

# 激活 mod_reswite 功能
sudo a2enmod rewrite

# 显示版本
apache2 -v

# 列出激活的 rewrite 模块
ls /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/ | grep rewrite
sudo apache2ctl -M | grep rewrite

# 列出可用模块
ls /etc/apache2/mods-available/

# 检查目前可用的站台
ls /etc/apache2/sites-available

# 检查目前激活中的站台
ls /etc/apache2/sites-enabled

# 激活 a2ensite
sudo a2ensite $site

# 不激活 a2dissite
sudo a2dissite $site

# apache 重新加载组态
sudo systemctl reload apache2

# 重新启动 apache
sudo systemctl restart apache2

# 停止 apache
sudo systemctl stop apache2

/etc/apache2
├── conf-available
├── conf-enabled
├── mods-available
├── mods-enabled
├── sites-available (1)
└── sites-enabled (2)

<Directory /var/www/$site>
  Include /var/www/$site/.htaccess (1)
  AllowOverride None (1)
  ...
</Directory>

apt-cache search php7.3
# Ubuntu16 / Ubuntu18 没有 php7.3

# 安装  repository
sudo apt install software-properties-common -y
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php -y
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

# 安装 php 7.3
sudo apt install libapache2-mod-php7.3 php7.3-common php7.3-mbstring php7.3-soap \
php7.3-gd php7.3-xml php7.3-mysql php7.3-cli php7.3-curl php7.3-fpm -y

# 安装 zip unzip 及 php-zip 模块 (php-zip 应该已经安装了，再次安装并无问题)
sudo apt install zip unzip php-zip -y

# 检查 php 模块
php -m

phpini=/etc/php/7.3/apache2/php.ini

# 先检查一下原始设置
grep -E \
'output_buffering =|'\
'post_max_size =|'\
'upload_max_filesize =' \
$phpini

# 以 sed 改设置值并检查 (尚未存盘)
sed -r '
s/output_buffering =.*/output_buffering = Off/
s/post_max_size =.*/post_max_size = 24M/
s/upload_max_filesize =.*/upload_max_filesize = 16M/
' $phpini | grep -E \
'output_buffering =|'\
'post_max_size =|'\
'upload_max_filesize ='
# output_buffering = Off
# post_max_size = 24M
# upload_max_filesize = 16M

# 没有问题则直接修改 php.ini 文件
sudo sed -r -i '
s/output_buffering =.*/output_buffering = Off/
s/post_max_size =.*/post_max_size = 24M/
s/upload_max_filesize =.*/upload_max_filesize = 16M/
' $phpini

sudo apt -y install mariadb-server mariadb-client

mysql --version
# mysql  Ver 15.1 Distrib 10.0.36-MariaDB, for debian-linux-gnu (x86_64) using readline 5.2

# 查看状态
systemctl status mysql
# ● mariadb.service - MariaDB 10.1.44 database server
#    Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
#    Active: active (running) since Tue 2020-09-29 14:30:58 CST; 32s ago
#      Docs: man:mysqld(8)

# 检查开机是否自动启动
# 事实上前面 enabled 已得知是自动启动
systemctl list-unit-files --state=enabled | grep mysql
# mysql.service                         enabled
# mysqld.service                        enabled

mysql --help
Usage: mysql [OPTIONS] [database]
  -B, --batch         Don't use history file. Disable interactive behavior.
                      (Enables --silent.)
  -N, --skip-column-names
                      Don't write column names in results.
  -D, --database=name Database to use.
  -p, --password[=name]
                      Password to use when connecting to server. If password is
                      not given it's asked from the tty.
  -P, --port=#        Port number to use for connection or 0 for default to, in
                      order of preference, my.cnf, $MYSQL_TCP_PORT,
                      /etc/services, built-in default (3306).
  --protocol=name     The protocol to use for connection (tcp, socket, pipe, memory).

sudo mysql_secure_installation

设置 MySQL root 密码，之后的其他选项都是 y
Change the root password? [Y/n] y
New password:
Re-enter new password:
- Set root password? [Y/n] y
- Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y
- Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y
- Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y
- Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y

sudo mysql (1)

use mysql;
select plugin from user where user='root';
-- unix_socket
update user set plugin='mysql_native_password' where user='root';
flush privileges;
exit

mysqlpw='MySQL root 密码' (1)
mysql -uroot -p$mysqlpw --host=localhost --port=3306 --protocol=tcp

-- 查看时间
select now();

-- 如果不对则改时区
set global time_zone = '+8:00';

-- 事实上这里只是连接阶段, 前面才是全局修改.
set time_zone = '+8:00';
select timediff(now(), utc_timestamp);
-- 08:00:00

flush privileges;
exit

sudo mysql -N <<EOF (1)
use mysql;
update user set plugin='mysql_native_password' where user='root';
set global time_zone = '+8:00';
set time_zone = '+8:00';
flush privileges;
select plugin from user where user='root';
select timediff(now(), utc_timestamp);
EOF

sudo update-alternatives --config php

# 先将 phpmyadmin 改名为 phpmyadmin.bak
sudo mv /usr/share/phpmyadmin /usr/share/phpmyadmin.bak
sudo mkdir /usr/share/phpmyadmin

myAdminVersion=4.9.7
cd ~
wget https://files.phpmyadmin.net/phpMyAdmin/$myAdminVersion/phpMyAdmin-$myAdminVersion-all-languages.tar.gz
sudo tar xzf phpMyAdmin-$myAdminVersion-all-languages.tar.gz
sudo mv phpMyAdmin-$myAdminVersion-all-languages/* /usr/share/phpmyadmin
sudo rm phpMyAdmin-$myAdminVersion-all-languages -r

# 拷贝原始的 config.inc.php
# sudo cp /usr/share/phpmyadmin.bak/config.inc.php /usr/share/phpmyadmin/config.inc.php

# 安装后可删除, 现在删除也行.
# sudo rm /usr/share/phpmyadmin.bak -r
# rm ~/phpMyAdmin-$myAdminVersion-all-languages.tar.gz

sudo bash -c 'cat > /etc/apache2/sites-available/phpmyadmin.conf' << "EOF"
<Directory /usr/share/phpmyadmin>
  Require ip 192.168.1.1/255.255.255.0(1)
</Directory>
Include /etc/phpmyadmin/apache.conf
EOF

sudo a2ensite phpmyadmin
sudo systemctl reload apache2

sudo su -l www-data -s /bin/bash

# 列出 www-data 成员
grep www-data /etc/group

# 将 ubuntu 加入 www-data 群组
sudo gpasswd -a ubuntu www-data

# 需要重新登录

sudo sh -c "chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www; chmod -Rf 775 /var/www" (1)
mkdir /var/www/bin (2)
nano ~/.bashrc

export PATH="/var/www/bin:$PATH"

source ~/.bashrc

# ubuntu@host:$
mkdir /var/www/bin (1)

bash -c 'cat > /var/www/bin/chwww' << "EOF"
#!/bin/bash -e
if [ "$1" = "" ]; then
  WorkPath='/var/www'
else
 WorkPath=$(readlink -f $1)
fi

if [ ! -d $WorkPath ]; then
  WorkPath=/var/www/$1
fi

WorkPath=$(readlink -f $WorkPath)

if [ $WorkPath != '/var/www' ] && [ ${WorkPath:0:9} != '/var/www/' ]; then
  echo $WorkPath 'is not site directory!'
  exit 1
fi

if [ ! -d $WorkPath ]; then
  echo 'No such directory' $WorkPath
  exit 1
fi

if [ "$WorkPath" == "/var/www" ]; then
  read -p "Change the owner and mode of all /var/www? [Y/n] " yn
  yn=${yn:-y}
  if [ "$yn" != "Y" ] && [ "$yn" != "y" ]; then
    exit 1
  fi
fi

echo 'chown & chmod:' $WorkPath
sudo sh -c "chown -R www-data:www-data $WorkPath; chmod -Rf 775 $WorkPath" (2)

if [ "$WorkPath" == "/var/www" ] && [ -d "/var/www/.ssh" ]; then
  echo 'chmod: .ssh'
  set +e
  chmod go-w ~/
  chmod -R 700 /var/www/.ssh
  chmod 600 /var/www/.ssh/authorized_keys
  chmod 600 /var/www/.ssh/config
fi

EOF

sudo chmod +x /var/www/bin/chwww